In the southeastern part of the study area, wind disasters were prevalent, and the climate suitability for 35-degree slopes was higher compared to 40-degree slopes. Due to the optimal solar and thermal resources and the low risk of wind and snow damage, the Alxa League, Hetao Irrigation District, Tumochuan Plain, most sections of Ordos, the southeastern Yanshan foothills, and the southern West Liaohe Plain are the most suitable locations for solar greenhouses. These regions are also crucial for present and future facility agriculture. Due to the scarcity of both solar and thermal energy, coupled with significant energy consumption within the greenhouses and the recurring winter snowstorms, the region around the Khingan Range in northeast Inner Mongolia was not well-suited for greenhouse agriculture.
Using a mulched drip irrigation system combining water and fertilizer, we cultivated grafted tomato seedlings in soil to ascertain the optimal drip irrigation frequency for maximizing nutrient and water utilization efficiency in long-term tomato cultivation within solar greenhouses. Applying a balanced fertilizer (20% N, 20% P2O5, and 20% K2O) and a high-potassium fertilizer (17% N, 8% P2O5, and 30% K2O) every 12 days via drip irrigation, the control group (CK) was established. A water-only control (CK1) was also included. Treatment groups (T1-T4) were drip-irrigated with a Yamazaki (1978) tomato nutrient solution. During the twelve-day experiment, four drip-irrigation regimes—once every two days (T1), every four days (T2), every six days (T3), and every twelve days (T4)—were treated with equivalent total amounts of fertilizer and water. The experimental results unveiled a trend of increasing then decreasing tomato yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium buildup in plant dry matter, fertilizer productivity, and nutrient use efficiency with decreasing drip irrigation frequency, showing the highest performance in the T2 treatment. Under the T2 treatment, plant dry matter accumulation increased by 49% relative to the control (CK). Simultaneously, accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium rose by 80%, 80%, and 168%, respectively. Furthermore, fertilizer partial productivity soared by 1428% and water utilization efficiency improved by 122% in the T2 treated plants. The utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium significantly surpassed that of the CK control by 2414%, 4666%, and 2359%, respectively. The resultant tomato yield also increased by a notable 122%. The experimental results suggest that drip irrigation using the Yamazaki nutrient solution, applied every four days, has the potential to increase tomato output and boost the efficiency of water and nutrient utilization. Long-duration cultivation would, as a consequence, lead to substantial reductions in water and fertilizer expenditures. Our study's key results furnished a springboard for refining scientific practices surrounding water and fertilizer application for tomatoes cultivated in protected greenhouses over extended periods.
To address the detrimental effects of excessive chemical fertilizer use on soil health, yield, and quality, we examined the influence of composted corn stalks on the root zone soil environment, yield, and quality of cucumbers using 'Jinyou 35' as the test variety. Treatments included T1 (rotted corn stalks plus chemical fertilizer), applying a total of 450 kg N per hectare with 9000 kg/hectare of rotted stalks as subsoil fertilizer; the balance was chemical fertilizer; T2 (pure chemical fertilizer), mirroring T1's total N input; and a control group (no fertilization). Two years of consecutive plantings led to a considerably higher content of soil organic matter in the root zone soil of the T1 treatment group, showing no difference between the T2 treatment and the control group. The alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels in the soil surrounding the roots of cucumbers in T1 and T2 were greater than those observed in the control group. embryonic stem cell conditioned medium Although T1 treatment exhibited a lower bulk density, its porosity and respiratory rate were significantly higher compared to T2 treatment and the control group's root zone soil. The T1 treatment exhibited superior electrical conductivity compared to the control group, yet its conductivity remained significantly below that of the T2 treatment. Cilengitide Comparative analysis of pH across the three treatments revealed no meaningful distinction. Types of immunosuppression Among the cucumber rhizosphere soil samples, the highest counts of bacteria and actinomycetes were associated with the T1 treatment, followed by the lowest counts in the control group. While other treatment groups exhibited different fungal counts, the sample designated T2 had the largest number of fungi. A substantial elevation in enzyme activity was observed in the rhizosphere soil of T1 treatment relative to the control, while the T2 treatment showed a considerable decline or no significant difference in enzyme activity relative to the control. The root dry weight and root activity of treatment group T1 exhibited significantly higher values compared to the control group. A 101% rise in T1 treatment yield was accompanied by a clear improvement in the quality of the fruit. T2 treatment's primary activity was considerably elevated in comparison to the activity exhibited by the control group. A comparative analysis of root dry weight and yield revealed no substantial distinction between the T2 treatment and the control group. Moreover, the T2 treatment exhibited a decline in fruit quality when compared to the T1 treatment. The application of rotted corn straw with chemical fertilizer within solar greenhouses yielded positive outcomes in soil condition enhancement, improved root system development, increased root function, and heightened cucumber yield and quality, potentially paving the way for widespread adoption in protected cucumber farming.
A rise in the frequency of drought is a predictable consequence of further warming. Crop growth will be negatively affected by the amplified levels of atmospheric CO2 and the growing prevalence of drought. Examining the influence of diverse carbon dioxide concentrations (ambient and ambient plus 200 mol mol-1) and water treatments (soil moisture content at 45-55% and 70-80% field capacity for mild drought and normal conditions, respectively) on foxtail millet (Setaria italica) leaves, we assessed changes in cell structure, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment, and yield. The study's results underscored a connection between elevated CO2 levels and a noticeable augmentation in the number, size, and collective area of starch grains within millet mesophyll cell chloroplasts. During the booting stage, under mild drought, an increase in CO2 concentration led to a notable 379% enhancement in millet leaf's net photosynthetic rate, but it did not modify water use efficiency. Under mild drought stress during the grain-filling stage, millet leaves exhibited a 150% increase in net photosynthetic rate and a 442% improvement in water use efficiency when exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. During mild drought stress, elevated carbon dioxide levels significantly boosted peroxidase (POD) and soluble sugar concentrations in millet leaves at the booting phase, increasing them by 393% and 80%, respectively, while simultaneously decreasing proline content by 315%. A remarkable 265% increase in POD content was found in millet leaves at the filling stage, accompanied by decreases of 372% and 393% in MDA and proline, respectively. In the context of mild drought, substantially increased CO2 levels led to a 447% increase in grain spikes and a 523% increase in yield in both years compared to the output under normal water conditions. Elevated CO2 levels exerted a more significant positive influence on grain yield during times of moderate drought compared to normal water levels. Foxtail millet, subjected to mild drought and elevated CO2, demonstrated an increase in leaf thickness, vascular bundle sheath cross-sectional area, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. This improvement was accompanied by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, adjustments in osmotic regulatory substances, which ultimately mitigated the negative impact of drought, leading to more grains per ear and higher yield. A theoretical foundation for millet cultivation and sustainable agriculture in arid regions, considering future climate change, will be established through this study.
The ecological environment and biodiversity of Liaoning Province are severely threatened by the invasive Datura stramonium, which proves difficult to eradicate once it establishes itself. To evaluate the habitat suitability of *D. stramonium* in Liaoning, we collected geographic data via field investigations and database research. Using the Biomod2 combination model, we analyzed its potential and suitable distributions in both present and future climate scenarios, focusing on the principal environmental drivers. The results indicated a strong performance from the combined model, which integrates GLM, GBM, RF, and MaxEnt components. Upon classifying *D. stramonium* habitats into four categories—high, medium, low, and unsuitable—we found high-suitability habitats concentrated in the northwest and southern regions of Liaoning Province, covering roughly 381,104 square kilometers, constituting 258% of the provincial area. Habitats suitable for a medium-sized population were primarily concentrated in the northwest and central parts of Liaoning Province, covering an area of roughly 419,104 square kilometers, which is 283% of the total area. The habitat suitability of *D. stramonium* was predominantly shaped by two factors: the slope and clay content of the topsoil (0-30 cm). The overall suitability of *D. stramonium* exhibited a pattern of initial increase and subsequent decrease as topsoil slope and clay content increased within the region. Future climate change projections suggest a rising suitability for Datura stramonium, with particularly notable increases anticipated in Jinzhou, Panjin, Huludao, and Dandong.